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Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe

This Standard is issued under the fixed designation C 76: the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or in the case of revision the year of last revision. A number in parenthesis indicates the year of last re-approval. A superscript parenthesis indicates an additional change since the last revision or re-approval.

This specification has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense and for listing in the DOD index of specification and Standards.

1   Scope
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete    pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewerage industrial wastes, and storm water, and for the constriction of culverts.

1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification
C 76 has been developed - C 76 M; therefore no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.

Note 1 This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does include requirements for bedding. backfill, or the relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of pipe. However experience has shown that the successful performance of theist product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe type of bedding and backfill and care that installation conforms to the constriction specifications. The purchaser of the reinforced concrete pipe specified herein in cautioned that be must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provided inspection at the construction site.

Note 2 Attention is called to the specification for reinforced concrete D - load culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe ( Specification C 655 ).

2.    Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards

       A82   Specification for Steel wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement.

       A 185 Specification of Welded Steel Wire Fabric for Concrete Reinforcement.

       A 496 Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete Reinforcement.
       A 497 Specification for Welded deformed Steel Wire Fabric for Concrete Reinforcement.
       C 615 Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet- Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement.
        C 14   Specification for Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe.
         C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates.
         C 39 Test Method for Compressive strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens.
         C 150 Specification for Portland Cement.
         C 309 Specification for Liquid Membrane - Forming concrete Specimens.
          C 497 Method for Curing concrete Pipe. Section or Tile.
           C 595 Specification for blended Hydraulic Cements vert , Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe.
            C 822 Definitions of Terms Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products.

Note See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by the purchaser.
   The strength test requirements in pounds - force per linear foot of pipe under the three-edge-bearing shall be either the D-loads (test load expressed in pounds-force per linear foot per foot of diameter) to produce a 0.01 in. crack and the ultimate load as specified multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe of feet.

D-load to produce a 0.01 in crack             800
D-load to produce the intimate load         1200

3 Definitions

3.1 For definition of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Definitions C 822.

4   Classification

4.1 Pipe manufactured on accordance with this specification shall be of classes indemnified as Class I. Class II, Class III, Class IV, and Class V. The corresponding strength requirements are prescribed in Table 1 to 5

5 Basis of Acceptance

5.1 Unless otherwise designated by the purchaser at the time of , or before placing an order, two separate and alternative bases of acceptance are permitted as follows;

5.1.1 Acceptance on the Basis of Plant Load Bearing Test Material Tests, and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe foe Visual Defects and Imperfection. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes produced in accordance with 7.1 or 7.2 shall be determined by the result of the three-edge bearing tests for either the load to produce a 0.01 in. crack and the ultimate strength of the pipe; by such material test as are required in 6.1, 6.2, and 6.4; by absorption test on selected samples of the finished pipe to determine its conformance with the accepted design and its freedom from defects.

5.1.2 Acceptance on the Basis of Material Test and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for Defects and Imperfections Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes produced in accordance with 7.1 or 7.2 shall be determined by the results of such material test as are required in 6.1, 6.2 and 6.4; by absorption test on selected samples form the wall of the pipe; and by inspection of the finished pipe including amount and placement of reinforcement to determine its conformance with the accepted design and its freedom form defects.

5.1.3 When agreed upon by the purchaser and manufacturer, any portion or any combination of the tests itemized in 5.1.1 or 5.1.2 may form the basis of acceptance.

5.2 Age for Acceptance Pipe shall be considered ready for acceptance when its conforms to the requirements as indicated by the specified tests.

6   Materials

6.1 Cement- Cement shall conform to the requirements for Portland blast - furnace slag's cement or Portland pozzolan cements conforming to the requirements of Specification C 595.

6.2 Aggregates - Aggregates shall conform to Specification C 33 expect that the requirement of gradation shall not apply.

This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-13 on Concrete Pipe and is direct responsibility of Subcommittee C 13.02 on Reinforced Sewer and Culvert Pipe.

Current edition approved April, 29, 1988. Published July, 1988. Originally published as C 76 m - 30 T Last Previous edition C 76 - 85 A

Current edition approved April, 29, 1988. Published July, 1988 Originally published as C 76 m- 30 T Last previous edition.

2 Annual Book of ASTM Stands Vol 01. 04
3 Annual Book of ASTM Stands Vol 04. 05
4 Annual Book of ASTM Stands Vol 04. 02
5 Annual Book of ASTM Stands Vol 04. 01

72.1 If permitted by the manufacturer many request approval by the purchaser of modified designs in 7.1; or special designs for size and loads beyond those shown in Table 1 to 5 of 7.1

7.2.2 Such modified or special designs shall be based on rational or empirical evaluations of the ultimate strength and cracking behavior of the pipe and shall fully describe to the purchaser any deviations from the requirements of 7.1. The descriptions of modified or special designs shall include the wall thickness, the concrete strength, and the areas, type placement.

TABLE 1 Design Requirements for Class Reinforced Concrete Pipe
WALL A						WALL B
Internal Designate Diameter	Concrete Strength, 4000 psi				Elliptical Reinforcement c	Concrete Strength, 4000 psi				Elliptical Reinforcement c
	Wall Thickness	Circular Reinforcement b				Wall Thickness	Circular Reinforcement b
		Inner Cage	Outer Cage
60 66 72 78 84 90 96	5 5.1/2 6 6.1/2 7 71/2 8	00.25 09.30 00.35 00.40 00.45 00.49 00.54	0.15 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.27 0.29 0.32		0.28 0.33 0.39 0.44 0.50 0.54 0.60	6 61/2 7 71/2 8 81/2 9	0.21 0.25 0.29 0.32 0.37 0.41 0.46	0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.22 0.25 0.28		0.23 0.28 0.32 0.36 0.41 0.46 0.51
Concrete Strength 5000 psi
102 108 114 120 126 132 138 144	81/2 9 - - - - - -	0.63 0.68 - - - - - -	0.38 0.41 - - - - - -	Inner Circular Plus Circular Inner Circular Plus Circular - - - - - -	0.25 0.38 0.27 0.41 - - - - - -	91/2 10 - - - - - -	0.54 0.61 - - - - - -	0.32 0.37 - - - - - -	Inner Circular Plus Circular Inner Circular Plus Circular - - - - - -	0.22 0.32 0.24 0.37 - - - - - -
A for modified or special design 7.2 or with the permission of the purchaser Utilize the provision of Specification C 655. Steel areas may be interpolated between those shown for various in diameter loading or wall thickness. Pipe over 96 in. in diameter shall have two circular cage or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage. B As an alternative to designs requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proper oned in either of the following manners, An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage shall not be less then that specified for the inner cage in the table. An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig 1, or. An inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig 2 C Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs. or positive means through the entire casing operation.

6.3 Admixtures and Blends- Admixtures and blends may be used with the approval of the purchase
6.4 Steel Reinforcement-Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to Specification A 82 or Specification A 496 or of wire fabric conforming ro specification A 185 or Specification A 497 or of bars of Grade 40 steel conforming to Specification A 615.

7.    Design

7.1 Design Tables- The diameter, wall thickness, compressive strength of the concrete, and area of the circumferential reinforcement shall be as prescribe for Class 1 to V in Table 1 to 5, except as provided in 7.2.

7.1.1 Footnotes to the table herien are intended to be amplifications of tabulated requirement and are to be considered applicable and binding as if they were contained in the body of the specification.

7.2 Modified and Special Design

Note See section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by the purchaser.

The strength test requirements in pounds-force per linear foot of pipe under the three ege-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test load expressed in pounds-force per linear foot per foot of diameter ) to produce a 0.01 in. crack, or the D-loads the 0.01 in. crack and the ultimate load as specified below multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in feet.

D-load to produce a 0.01 in. crack                1000
D-load to produced the ultimate load             1500

number of layers. and strength of the steel reinforcement.

7.2.3 The manufacturer shall submit to the purchaser proof of the adequacy of the proposed modified or special design. Such proof of the adequacy of the proposed modified or special design. Such proof may comprise the submission of certified three-edge-bearing test already made, which are acceptable to purchaser or, if such three-edge-bearing test are not available or acceptable, the manufacturer may be required to perform proof test of size and classes selected by the purchaser to demonstration the adequacy of the proposed design.

7.2.4 Such pipe must meet all of the test and performance requirements specified by the purchaser in accordance with Section 5.

7.3 Area-in this specification when the word area is not described by adjective, such as cross-section or single wire it shall be understood to be the cross-sectional are of reinforcement per unit lengths of pipe.

8. Reinforcement

8.1.1 Where one line of circular reinforcement is used . It shall be placed from 35 to 50% of the wall thickness from the inner surface to the pipe. except that for wall wall thickness less than 21/2in., the protective cover of the wall of the pipe shall be 3/4 in.

8.1.2 In pipe having two lines of circular reinforcement each line shall be so placed that th protective covering of concrete over the circumferential reinforcement in the wall of the pipe shall be 1 in.

8.1.3 In pipe having elliptical rainforest with wall thickness

TABLE 2 Design Requirements for Class ll Reinforced Concrete Pipe

Reinforcement in / linear ft of pipe wall

WALL A

WALL B

WALL C

Internal Designated Demeter
in

Concrete Strength 4000 psi

Wall
Thickness
in

Circular
Reinforcement
b

Elliptical
Reinforcement

Wall
Thickness
in

Circular
Reinforcement
b

Elliptical
Reinforcement

Wall
Thickness

Circular
Reinforcement
c

Elliptical
Reinforcement
Outer Cage

Inner Cage

Outer Cage

Inner Cage

Outer Cage

Inner Cage

12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
42
48
54
60
66
72
78
84
90
96

13/4
17/8
2
21/4
21/2
25/8
23/4
27/8
3
31/2
4
41/2
5
51/2
6
61/2
7
71/2
8

0.07 b
0.07 b
0.07 b
0.12
0.13
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.14
0.16
0.21
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.41
0.46
0.51
0.57
0.62

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.08
0.10
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.25
0.28
0.31
0.34
0.37

-
-
0.07 b
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.18
0.23
0.28
0.33
0.39
0.45
0.51
0.57
0.63
0.69

2
21/4
21/2
23/4
3
31/4
31/2
33/4
4E
41/2
5
51/2
6
61/2
7
71/2
8
81/2
9

0.07b
0.07b
0.07b
0.07b
0.07b
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.12
0.15
0.18
0.22
0.25
0.31
0.35
0.40
0.46
0.51
0.57

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.7
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.19
0.21
0.24
0.28
0.31
0.34

-
-
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.17
0.20
0.24
0.28
0.34
0.39
0.44
0.51
0.57
0.63

21/4
3
31/4
31/4
33/4
4
41/4
41/4
43/4
51/4
53/4
61/4
61/4
71/4
73/4
81/4
83/4
91/4
93/4

0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.10
0.14
0.17
0.17
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.41
0.48
0.55

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.10
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.25
0.29
0.33

-
-
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.11
0.15
0.19
0.24
0.28
0.33
0.39
0.46
0.53
0.61

Concrete Strength 5000 psi

102

108

114
120
126
132
138
144

81/2

9

-
-
-
-
-
-

0.76

0.85

-
-
-
-
-
-

0.46

0.51

-
-
-
-
-
-

Inner 0.30
Circular 0.46
Plus
Elliptical
Inner 0.34
Circular 0.46
Plus
Elliptical
        -
           -
           -
           -
           -
           -

91/2

10

-
-
-
-
-
-

0.68

0.76

-
-
-
-
-
-

0.41

0.46

-
-
-
-
-
-

Inner 0.27
Circular
Plus 0.41
Elliptical
Inner 0.30
Circular 0.46
Plus
Elliptical
        -
           -
           -
           -
           -
           -

10/4

103/4

-
-
-
-
-
-

0.62

0.70

-
-
-
-
-
-

0.32

0.42

-
-
-
-
-
-

Inner 0.25
Circular
Plus 0.37
Elliptical
Inner 0.28
Circular
Plus 0.42
Elliptical
           -
           -
           -
           -
           -
           -

A For modified or special designs see 7.2 or with the permission of the purchaser utilize the provisions of Specification C 655.
Steel areas may be interpolated between those shown for venations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 96 in. in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
B For these classes and sizes the minimum practical steel reinforcement it specified. The actual ultimate strength is greater than the minimum strength specified from non reinforced pipe of equivalent diameters is Specification C 14.
C As an alternative to design squiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners. As inner circular cage plus an Elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table.
D Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in plce by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire sting operation
E As an alternative, sigle cage reinforcement may be used. The reinforcement areas in square in. per inner foot shall be 0.20 for wall B and 0.16 for wall C.

8.1	Circumferential Reinforcement-A line of circumferential reinforcement for any given total area may be composed of two layers for pipe with wall thickness of less than 7 in or three layers for pipe with thickness of 7 in or greater. The layers shall not be separated by more than the thickness of one longitudinal plus 1/2 in . The multiple layers shall be fastened together to form a single case all other specification requirements such as laps, wades, and tolerances of placement in the wall of the pipe, etc . shall apply to this method of fabricating a line of reinforcement		21/2 in. or greater, the reinforcement in the wall of the pipe shall be so placed that the protective covering of concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be 1 in. from the inner surface of the pipe at the vertical diameter and 1 in. from the outer surface of the pipe at the horizontal diameter. in pipe having elliptical reinforcement with wall thickness less than 21/2 in , the protective covering of the concrete shall be 3/4 in. at the vertical and horizontal diameters.
Note	See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by the purchaser.		Pipe having a 4 in. wall thickness nor exceed the wall thickness for larger pipe. and shall in no case exceed 6 in.
	The Strength test requirements in pounds face per inner foot of pipe under the three-bearing shall be D load (test load expressed in pounds-force per linear foot per foot of diameter ) to produce a 0.01 in. crack or the D-loads to produce the 0.01 in crack and the ultimate load as specified below multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in feet. D-load produce a 0.01 in crack 1350 D-load produce the ultite load 2000	8.1.6	Where the wall reinforcement does not extend into the joint, the maximum longitudinal distance to the last circumferential from the inside shoulder of the bell or the shoulder of the spigot shall be 3 in except that if this distance exceeds in half the wall thickness, the pipe wall shall contain at least a total reinforcement area of the minimum specified area per linear foot times the laying length of the pipe section. The minimum cover on the last circumferential near the spigot shoulder shall be1/2 in.

TABLE 3 Design Requirements for Class lll Reinforced Concrete Pipe

Reinforcement in 2/ linear ft of pipe wall

WALL A

WALL B

WALL C

Internal Designated Demeter
in

Concrete Strength 4000 psi

Wall
Thickness
in

Circular
Reinforcement
b

Elliptical
Reinforcement

Wall
Thickness
in

Circular
Reinforcement
b

Elliptical
Reinforcement

Wall
Thickness

Circular
Reinforcement
c

Elliptical
Reinforcement
Outer Cage

Inner Cage

Outer Cage

Inner Cage

Outer Cage

Inner Cage

12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
42
48
54
60
66
72

13/4
17/8
2
21/4
21/2
25/8
23/4
27/8
3
31/2
4
4.5
5
51/2
6

0.07 B
0.07 B
0.07 B
0.14
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.21
0.21
0.25
0.32
0.38
0.44
0.50
0.57

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.13
0.15
0.19
0.23
0.26
0.30
0.34

-
-
0.07 B
0.11
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.28
0.35
0.42
0.49
0.55
0.63

23/4
21/2
21/4
23/4

3
31/4
31/2
33/4
4E
4.5
5
51/2
6
61/2
7

71/2
8

0.07
0.07B
0.07B
0.07B
0.07B
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.17
0.21
0.24
0.29
0.34
0.41
0.49

0.57
0.64

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.10
0.13
0.14
0.17
0.20
0.25
0.29

0.34
0.38

-
-
0.07 B
0.07 B
0.07 B
0.14
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.23
0.27
0.32
0.38
0.46
0.54

0.63
0.71

21/4
3
31/4
31/4
33/4
4
41/4
41/2
43/4 E
5.25
5.75
61/4
63/4
71/4
73/4

81/4
83/4

0.07B
0.07B
0.07B
0.07B
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.21
0.25
0.31
0.36

0.42
0.50

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.07
0.07
0.10
0.13
0.15
0.19
0.22

0.25
0.30

-
-
0.07B
0.07B
0.07B
0.07B
0.08
0.10
0.09
0.13
0.18
0.23
0.28
0.34
0.40

0.477
0.56

Concrete Strength 5000 psi

78
84

90

96

102

108

114
120
126
132
138
144

61/2
7

71/2

8

81/2

9

-
-
-
-
-
-

0.64
0.72

0.81

0.93

1.03

1.22

-
-
-
-
-
-

0.38
0.43

0.49

0.56

0.62

0.73

-
-
-
-
-
-

0.71
0.80

0.90

1.03

inner 0.41
Circular
Plus 0.62
Elliptical
inner 0.49
Circular
Plus 0.73
Elliptical
-
-
-
-
-
-

Concrete Strength 5000 psi

81/2

9

91/2

10

-
-
-
-
-
-

0.69

0.76

0.00

10.08

-
-
-
-
-
-

0.41

0.46

0.54

0.65

-
-
-
-
-
-

0.77

0.84

inner 0.36
Circular
Plus 0.54
Elliptical
inner 0.43
Circular
Plus 0.65
Elliptical
-
-
-
-
-
-

91/4

93/4

10/4

103/4

-
-
-
-
-
-

0.59

0.70

0.83

0.99

-
-
-
-
-
-

0.35

0.42

0.50

0.59

-
-
-
-
-
-

D.66

inner 0.28
Circular
Plus 0.42
Elliptical
inner 0.33
Circular
Plus 0.50
Elliptical
Inner 0.40
Circular
Plus 0.59
Elliptical
-
-
-
-
-
-

A For modified or special designs see 7.2 or with the permission of the purchaser utilize the provisions of Specification C 655. Steel areas may be interpolated between those shown for venations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 96 in. in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
B For these classes and sizes the minimum practical steel reinforcement it specified. The actual ultimate strength is greater than the minimum strength specified from non reinforced pipe of equivalent diameters is Specification C 14.
C As an alternative to design squiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners. As inner circular cage plus an Elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table.
D Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in plce by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire sting operation
E As an alternative, single cage reinforcement may be used. The reinforcement areas in square in. per inner foot shall be 0.20 for wall B and 0.16 for wall C.

8.1.4	The location for the reinforcement shall be subject to the permissible variations in dimensions given in 12.5	8.1.6.1	Where reinforcement is in the bell or sponger the minimum end cover on the last circumferential shall be in the bell or 1/4 in. in the spigot
8.1.5	The spacing center to center of circumferential reinforcement in a cage shall not exceed 4 in. for pipe up to and including
Note	See section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by the purchaser.	1 and	2 shall be not less than25% of the specified for the outer cage in Table 1 to
	The strength test requirement in pounds-force per linear foot of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test load expressed in pounds-force per linear foot per foot of diameter) to produce a 0.01 in crack to the D-load to produce the 0.01 in crack and the ultimate load as specified below multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in feet.	Note 5	If the reinforcement area (Aso) of the outer cage in Quadrants 1 to 5 the quadrant mats used for the outer cage in Quadrants 3 and 4 shall extend into Quadrant 1 and 2 not less than a distance equal to th wall thickness as specified in Tables 1 to 5.
		FIG 1	Quadrant Reinforcement
	D-load to produce a 0.01 in carrack 2000 D-load to produce the ultimate load 3000		Pipe except that when agreed upon by the purchaser. left eyes or holes may be provided in each pipe for the purpose

TABLE 4 Design Requirements for Class lV Reinforced Concrete Pipe

Reinforcement in 2/ linear ft of pipe wall

WALL A

WALL B

WALL C

Internal Designated Demeter
in

Concrete Strength 4000 psi

Wall
Thickness
in

Circular
Reinforcement
b

Elliptical
Reinforcement

Wall
Thickness
in

Circular
Reinforcement
b

Elliptical
Reinforcement

Wall
Thickness

Circular
Reinforcement
c

Elliptical
Reinforcement
Outer Cage

Inner Cage

Outer Cage

Inner Cage

Outer Cage

Inner Cage

12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
42
48
54

60
66

72
78
84
90
96
102
108
114
120
126
132
136
138
144

13/4
17/8
2
21/4
21/2
25/8
23/4
-
-
-
-
-

-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

0.15
0.16
0.17
0.23
0.29
0.33
0.38
-
-
-
-
-

-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
0.15
0.21
0.27
0.31
0.35
-
-
-
-
-

-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2
21/4
21/2
23/4
3
31/4
31/2
31/4
4
41/2
5
51/2

0.07
0.10
0.14
0.20
0.27
0.31
0.35
0.27
0.30
0.35
0.42
0.50

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.16
0.18
0.21
0.25
0.30

-
-
0.11
0.17
0.23
0.25
0.28
0.30
0.33
0.39
0.47
0.55

23/4
3
31/4
31/2
31/4
4
41/4
41/2
43/4
51/4
53/4
61/4

63/4
71/4

0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.8
0.09
0.11
0.14
0.20
0.26
0.34

0.41
0.51

-
-
-
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.20

0.25
0.31

-
-
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.9
0.10
0.12
0.15
0.22
0.29
0.38

0.46
0.57

Concrete Strength 5000 ps

6
61/2
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

0.59
0.69
0.79
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

0.35
0.41
0.47
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

0.66
0.77
0.88
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

Concrete Strength 5000 psi

73/4
81/4
83/4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

0.61
0.71
0.85
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

0.37
0.43
0.51
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

0.68
0.79
0.94
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

A For modified or special designs see 7.2 or with the permission of the purchaser utilize the provisions of Specification C 655.
Steel areas may be interpolated between those shown for venations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 96 in. in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
B As an alternative to design squiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the bowing manners.
As inner circular cage plus an Elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table.
As inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in according with Fig 1, or
As inner outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig 2.
For wall ca in sizes 24 to 3 in a single circular cage with an area not less than the sum of the specified inner and outer circular reinforcement areas.
C Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire sting operation
D For these classes and sizes the minimum practical steel reinforcement is specified.

8.1.7	The continuity of the circumferential reinforcing steel shall not be destroyed during the manufacture of the		of handling
Note1	The total reinforcement area (Asi) of the inner cage plus the quadrant mat in quadrants 1 and 2 shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in Table 1 to 5.	8.1.8	If surplices are not welded, the reinfocemnt shall be lapped not less than 20 diameters for plain bars and cold-worked wire, and 40 diameters for plain bars and cold-drawn wire. In addition where lapped cages of welded-wire fabric are used without welding, the lap shall
Note2 Note3 Note4	The total reinforcement area (Asi) of the inner cage plus the quadrant mat in quadrants 3 and 4 shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in Table 1 to 5. The reinforcement area (Asi) of the cage in quadrants 3 and 4 shall be not less than 25% of that specified for the inner cage in Table 1 to 5. The reinforcement area (Aso) of the outer cage in Quadrants	8.1.8.1	When splices are welded and are not lapped to the minimum requirements above pull tests of representative specimens shall develop at least 50% the minimum specified strength of the steel and there shall be a minimum lap of 2 in. For butt-welded splices in bars or wire permitted only with helically wound cages, pull tests of representative specimens shall develop least 75% of the minimum specified strength of the steel.
Note	See Section 5 for basis acceptance specified by the purchaser.	8.3.2.2	Where bell require reinforcement the maximum end cover on the last circumferential shall be 1 1/2 in.
	The strength test requirement in pound-force per linear foot of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load expressed in pounds-force per linear foot per foot of diameter ) to produce a 0.01 in. crack and the ultimate load as specified below multiplied by the the internal diameter f the pipe in feet. D-load to produce a 0.01 in crack 300 D-load to produce the ultimate load3750	9 9.1 10	Joints The joint shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed that the pipe can be laid together to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the permissible variations given in Section, 12. Manufacture Mixture-the aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned

TABLE 5 Design Requirements for Class V Reinforced Concrete Pipe

Reinforcement in / linear ft of pipe wall

WALL A

WALL B

WALL C

Internal Designated Demeter
in

Concrete Strength 6000 psi

Wall
Thickness
in

Circular
Reinforcement
b

Elliptical
Reinforcement

Wall
Thickness
in

Circular
Reinforcement
b

Elliptical
Reinforcement

Wall
Thickness

Circular
Reinforcement
c

Elliptical
Reinforcement
Outer Cage

Inner Cage

Outer Cage

Inner Cage

Outer Cage

Inner Cage

12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
42
48
54
60
66
72
78
84
90
96
102
108
114
120
126
132
138
144

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2
21/4
21/2
23/4
3
31/4
31/2
33/4
4
41/2
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

0.10
0.14
0.19
0.24
0.30
0.38
0.41
0.46
0.50
0.60
0.73
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
0.16
-
-
0.23
0.25
0.28
0.30
0.36
0.44
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
31/4
0.21
0.24
0.42
0.46
0.51
0.56
0.67
0.81
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

23/8
3
0.10
31/2
33/4
4
41/4
41/4
43/4
51/4
53/4
61/4
63/4
71/4
73/4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

0.07
0.07
-
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.18
0.23
0.27
0.36
0.47
0.58
0.70
0.84
0.99
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
0.07
0.07
0.11
0.14
0.16
0.22
0.28
0.35
0.42
0.50
0.59
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
0.13
0.16
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.40
0.52
0.64
0.78
0.93
1.10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

For modified or special designs see 7.2 with the permission of the purchaser utilize the provisions of Specification C 655.
Steel areas may be interpolated between those shown for venations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 96 in. in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.

As an alternative to design requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners.

As inner circular cage plus an Elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and d the total area of the inner circular cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig. 1 or
An inner and outer cages plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig 1 or
An inner and outer cages plus an Elliptical cage in accordance with Fig 2

Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire sting operator.
For these classes and sizes the minimum practical steel reinforcement is specified.

8.2	Longitudinal Reinforcement - Each line of circumferential reinforcement shall be assembled into cage that shall contain sufficient longitudinal bars or members to marinading he reinforcement in shape and in position within the form to comply with permissible variations in 8.1. The exposure of the end of longitudinal, stirrups, or spacers that have been used to position the cages during the placement of the concrete shall not be a cause for rejection.		and mixed with such proportion of cement and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete mixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to test and design requirements of this specification. All concrete shall have a water-cement ration not exceeding 0.53 by weight. All pipe manufactured under the provision of this specification shall contain a minimum of 470 lb of cement/yd concrete unless mix design with a lower cement content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the pipe meet the requirement of this specification.
8.3	Joint reinforcement the The length of pipe as used here in means the inside length of the bell or the outside length of the spigot from the shoulder to the end of the pipe section. The end distances or cover on the end circumferential shall apply to any point on the circumference of the pope or joint. When convoluted reinforcement is used, these distances and reinforcement areas shall be taken from the points on the convolution closest to the end of the pipe section. Unless otherwise permitted by the purchaser, the following requirements for joint reinforcement wire at least on in. past the inside shoulder where the pipe barrel meets the bell of the joint.	10.2	Curing-pipe shall be subjected to any one of the methods of curing described in 10.2.1 to 10.2.4 or to any other method or combination of method approved by the purchaser, that will given satisfactory results. The pipe shall be cured for a sufficient length of time so that the specified D-load is obtained when acceptance is based on 5.1.1 or so that the concrete will develop the specified compressive strength at 28 days or less when acceptance is based on 5.1.2.
10.21	steam Curing-Curing may be placed in curing chamber, free of outside drafts, and cured in moist a atmosphere maintained by the injection of steam for such time and such temperature as may be needed to enable the pipe to meet the strength requirements. The curing chamber.	Note3 11.32	As used in this specification the 0.01 in crack is a test criterion for tested in the three-edge bearing test and is not intended as an indication of overstressed or failed pipe under installed conditions. Retests of Pipe No:
Note1 Note2	The total reinforcement area of the inner circular cage and the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner in Table 1 to 5. The total reinforcement area of the outer circular cage and the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in Table 1 to 5.		Meeting the External Load crashing strength Requirements Pipe shall be considered as meeting the strength requirements when all test specimens conform to the strength recruitments. Should any of the test specimens fail to meet the strength requirements the manufacturer shall be allowed retest of two additional specimens for each specimens that failed and the specimens meet the strength requirements.
FIG.2 10.2.2 10.2.3 10.2.4 11. 11.1	Shall be so constructed as to allow full circulation of stream around the entire pipe. Water curing-Concrete pipe may be water-cured by covering with water saturated material or by a system of perforated pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose The manufacturer may, at his option, combine the methods described in 10.2.1 to 10.2.4 provided the required concrete compressive strength is attained. A sealing membrane conforming to the requirement of Specification C 309 may be applied and should be left infect Until the required strength requirement are mt. The concrete at the time of application shall be within 10F of the atmospheric temperature. All surfaces shall be damp when the compound is applied. Physical Requirements Test Sections The specified number of pipe required for the test shall be furnished without charge by the manufacturer and shall be selected at random by the purchaser and shall be pipe that would not otherwise be rejected under this specification. The selection shall be made at the point or points designated by the purchaser when placing the order.	11.4 11.4.1	Concrete Strength: Compressive Strength-Compression test for satisfying the design concrete strength may be made on either standard ridded concrete cylinders compacted and cured in like manner as the pipe or in cross drilled form the wall of the pipe. If cylinders are tested they shall be tested in accordance with Test Method C39. The average compressive strength of all cylinders tested shall be equal to or greater than the design strength. Not more than 10% of the cylinders tested shall fall below the design strength In no case shall any cylinder tested fall below 80% of the design strength. If cores are cut from the wall of the pipe and tested they shall be cut and tested in accordance with the requirements of Methods C 497. The compressive strength of each core tested shall be equal to or quarter than the design strength of concrete. If core does not meet the required strength another core form the same pipe may be tested. If this core does not meet the required that pipe shall be rejected. Additional tests shall be made on other determine the acceptability of the lot . When the cores cut from a section of pipe successfully meet the strength requirement the core holes shall be plugged and sealed by the manufacturer in a manner such that the pipe section will meet all of the requirements of this specification Pipe sections so sealed shall be considered as satisfactory for use.
11.2	Number and Type of Test Requirement for Various Delivery Schedules:
11.2.1	Preliminary test for Extended Delivery Schedules-A purchaser of pipe, whose needs require shipments at intervals over extended periods of time, shall be entitled to such test, preliminary to delivery of pipe, as are required by the type of basis of acceptance specified by the purchaser in Section 5, of not more than three section of pipe covering each size in which he is interested.	11.4.2	Absorption-The absorption of a sample form the wall of the pipe as determined in accordance with Methods C 497 shall not exceed 9% of the dry mass for Method A or B. 15% for Method B. Each Method A sample shall have a minimum mass of 0.1 kg. shall be free of visible cracks and shall represent the full wall thickness of the pipe. When the initial absorption sample from a pipe fails to conform to this specification the absorption test shall be made on another sample from the same pipe and the results of the retest shall be substituted o the original test results.
11.2.2	Additional test for Extended Delivery Schedules- After of preliminary test described in 11.2.2 a purchaser shall be entitled to additional test in such numbers and at such times as he may deem necessary, provided that the total number of pipe tested ( including preliminary test ) shall not exceed 1 % of the pipe delivered.	11.4.3	Retests of pipe- When not more than 20% of the concrete test specimens fail to pass the requirements of the specification the manufacturer may cull his stock and may eliminate whatever quantity of pipe the desires and must so mark those pipe that that they will not be shipped. The required test shall be made on the balance of the order and the pipe shall be accepted. If they conform to the requirements of this specification.
11.2.3	Test for Occasional Orders- A purchase who places occasional order shall be entitled to test a number of pipe not to exceed 2% of an order, and not to exceed five pieces of any one size; otherwise the number of pipe desired for testing shall be included in the order.	11.5	Test Equipment-Every manufacture furnishing pipe under this specification shall furnish all facilities and permission for steel wire out the describe in Methods C 497.
11.3	External Load Crushing Strength:	12	Permissible Variations
11.3.1 or3/16	The load to produce a 0.01 in crack or the ultimate load, as determined by the three-edge bearing methods as described in Tables 1 to 5 for each respective class of a 0.01 in crack and that have been tested only to the formation of a 0.01 in crack and that meet the 0.01 in crack load requirements shall be accepted for use. in. whichever is grater. A specified wall thickness more than required in the design is not cause for rejection. Pipe having localized variations in wall thickness exceeding those specified above shall be accepted if the three-edge-bearing strength and minimum steel cover requirements are met.	12.1	Internal Diameter- The internal of 12 to 24-in pipe shall vary not more than+1.5% from the design diameter. The internal diameter of 27 in and larger pipe shall not vary from the design diameter by more than + 1% of the design diameter or + in whichever is grater. Wall Thickness The thickness shall not vary more than shown in the design or specified wall by more than +5% combed or open texture that would versely affect the function of the pipe.
12.3 12.4 12.5	Length of Two Opposite Sides-Variations in the laying length of two opposite sides of the pipe shall be more than 1/4 in. for all sizes through 24 in. internal diameter, and not more than 1/8 in. /ft for all sizes lager with a maximum of 5/8 in. in any length of pipe through 84. in. internal diameter or larger, except where beveled and pipe for laying on curves is specified by the purchaser. Length of Pipe- The under run in length of a section of pipe shall not b more than 1/8 in./ft with a maximum of 1/2 in. in any section of the pipe the end cover requirements of Section 8 and 12 shall apply. Position or Area of Reinforcement.	15.1.3 15.1.4 15.1.5 16.	The ends of the pipe are not normal to the wall and center line of the pipe within the limits of variation given in 12.3 and 12.4. Damaged or cracked ends where such damage would prevent marking a satisfactory joint. Any continuous crack having a surface with of 0.01 in. or more and extending foe a length of 12 in. pr more regardless of position in the wall of the pipe. Marking
12.5.1	Position- The maximum variation in the position of the reinforcement shall be + 10% of the wall thickness or +1/2 in. whichever is greater. Pipe having variations in the position of the reinforcement exceeding these specified above shall be accepted if the three-edge-bearing strength requirements obtained on a representative specimen are met in no case, however shall the cover over the circumferential reinforcement be less than 1/4 in. as measured to the end of the spigot or 1/2 in as measured to any other surfaces of non rubber gasket joints or gasket grooves in rubber gasket joints. If convoluted reinforcement is used the convoluted circumferential end wire may be at the end surface of the joint providing the alternate convolutions have at least in cover from the end surface if the joint.	16.1 16.1.1 16.1.3 16.1.4 16.1.4 16.2 16.3	The following information shall be legibly marked on each section of pipe. The pipe class and specification designation. The date of manufacture. The name or trademark of the manufacturer and Identification of plant. One end of each section of pipe with elliptical or quadrant reinforcement shall be clearly market during the process of manufacturing or immediately thereafter, on the inside and the outside of opposite wall along the minor axis of the elliptical reinforcing or along the vertical axis for quadrant reinforcing. Markings shall be indented on the pipe section or painted thereon with waterproof paint.

		The American society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any pattern rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly their own responsibility. This is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every fine year and if not revised either re-approved or withdrawn. You comments are invited either of revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. You comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend, If you feel that you comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on standards, 1916 Race St. Philadelphia, PA 19103.
12.5.2 13. 14 14.1 15.	Area of Reinforcement-Reinforcement will be considered as meeting the design requirements if the area computed on the basis of nominal area of the wire or bars used, equals or exceeds the requirements of 7.1 or 7.2 Actual area of the reinforcing used may vary form the nominal area according to permissible variations of the standard specifications for the reinforcing. When inner cage and outer cage reinforcing is used the inner cage and outer cage reinforcing is used the inner cage design area may vary to the lower limit of 85% of the elliptical design are an the outer cage design area may vary to the lower limit of 51% of the elliptical design area provided that the total design area of lower limit of 140% of the elliptical design area. Repairs Shall Pipe may be repaired if necessary, pleasure if imperfections is manufacture or damage during handling and will be acceptable if in the opinion of the purchaser the repaired pipe conforms to the requirements of this specification. Inspection The quality of materials the process of manufacture and the finished pipe shall be subjects to inspection and approval by an inspector employed by the purchaser. Rejection
	15.1Pipe shall be subject to rejection on account of failure to conform to any of the specification requirements individual sections of pipe may b rejected because of any of the following:
15.1.1 15.1.2	Fracture or crack passing through the wall except for a single and crack that does not exceed the depth of the joint. Defects that indicate proportioning mixing and molding not in compliance with 10.1 or surface detects indicating honey-